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Encoding & Unicode

What the bytes and code points of your text actually are.

Written for: Developers and designers · People moving text between systems

What this family is for

Two strings can look identical on screen and be completely different data. A non-breaking space, a zero-width joiner or a precomposed accent where the other side expects a base letter plus a combining mark will break a match, a lookup or a database import. These tools show exactly what your text is, down to the code point and the UTF-8 byte, and convert between the byte-level encodings programs exchange.

Base64, URL encoding, HTML entities and hashing

Four different escape mechanisms, four different targets. Base64 makes arbitrary bytes representable in a text channel. Percent-encoding escapes the characters that would break a URL. HTML entities escape the characters that would break markup. A hash is not an escape at all — it is one-way and proves integrity rather than transmitting a value.

The usual production bug is applying the right escape for the first hop and forgetting the second: a Base64 value placed in a URL needs URL-safe Base64, and a URL placed in an HTML attribute needs HTML entities. Each boundary needs its own escape.

If you have… Use Because
Binary data in a text field Base64 encoder Makes bytes printable ASCII
A value inside a URL component URL encoder Escapes structural characters
A value inside HTML text or an attribute HTML entities Prevents markup injection
To prove a file has not changed File hash A digest, not an encoding
To inspect what a character actually is Unicode inspector Shows code points and bytes

7 tools in Encoding & Unicode

Unicode Inspector See every code point, its hexadecimal value, UTF-8 bytes and Unicode category — the fastest way to find invisible characters. Binary & Hex Text Converter Text ↔ binary, hex, octal or decimal bytes using UTF-8, so accented letters, CJK and emoji round-trip. Full-width Converter Convert full-width ＡＢＣ１２３ to half-width ABC123 and back, for CJK typography and form fields. Superscript & Subscript Write x², H₂O and ⁴² as real Unicode superscript or subscript characters. HTML Entity Encoder & Decoder Escape text to HTML entities and decode them back — the five specials, every non-ASCII character, or the whole string — with named entities like © and — recognised. Hex to Text Converter Convert hexadecimal bytes to text and back, as UTF-8 or raw bytes, with the same spacing rules every other hex tool uses. UTF-8 & Code Point Inspector See the code point and UTF-8 bytes of every character, and convert text to and from u-escape sequences.

Common mistakes with these tools

  • Using Base64 as encryption — There is no key and anyone can decode it. It hides nothing.
  • Encoding a whole URL instead of its parts — That escapes the ? and & that give the URL structure, producing one long path.
  • Forgetting URL-safe Base64 in a URL — + and / are Base64 letters that a URL parser treats as structure or space.
  • Confusing a hash with an encoding — A hash cannot be reversed. If you need the value back, you want encryption or an encoding.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a character and a byte?

A character is a code point; a byte is how that code point is stored. In UTF-8 an accented letter, a CJK character or an emoji takes several bytes, so the byte count is often larger than the character count.

Why can two identical-looking strings fail to match?

Because they can differ in code points — a precomposed é versus e + combining acute, or a normal space versus U+00A0 — while rendering the same. The inspector shows the difference.

Is anything uploaded when I inspect text?

No. The inspection and the conversions run in your browser; the text never leaves your device.

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